Laser Therapy
Effect of Multiple Exposures of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Cellular Responses of Wounded Human Skin Fibroblasts
The results show that the correct energy density or fluence (J/cm2) and number of exposures can stimulate cellular responses of wounded fibroblasts and promote cell migration and cell proliferation by stimulating mitochondrial activity and maintaining viability without causing additional stress or damage to the wounded cells.” http://liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/pho.2006.24.705 
Published Online: 2 Jan 2007 https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.24.705 
Authors: Denise Hawkins and Dr. Heidi Abrahamse
Laser Acupuncture and Local Laser Therapy in Veterinary Medicine with Overview of Applied Laser Types and Clinical Uses 
Different uses of laser classes for the safe and effective treatment of acupuncture stimulation. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/641e/12dcb826613c65acf4af72d10e0b4f2e3bd0.pdf 
Author: Uwe Petermann DVM
Intended Effect of Therapeutic Laser: Photobiomodulation 
Gain a basic understanding of how mechanism of delivery can determine the therapeutic effectiveness of photobiomodulation. http://alliedweb.s3.amazonaws.com/ptproduc/diged/20180203/index.html?page=30 
Published: Physical Therapy Products. February/March 2018, Pg. 31. 
Author(s): Mark Callanen, PT, DPT, OCS 
The Light Fantastic: Laser Therapy Can Be a Non-Invasive Solution to Reducing Inflammation 
Learn why laser therapy (photobiomodulation) is an effective, non-invasive tool for pain and inflammation reduction and how to decide which therapy laser is right for your practice. https://www.chiroeco.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CHEC_02-18.WEB_.pdf 
Published: Chiropractic Economics. February 6, 2018. Issue 2, Pg. 31. 
Author(s): Mark Callanen, PT, DPT, OCS 
Turning Photons into Results – Shining New Light on Laser Therapy 
Learn the key components for successful and repeatable photobiomodulation therapy treatments. https://www.companionanimalhealth.com/publication/turning-photons-into-results-%E2%80%93-shining-new-light-o 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. December 2017. Vol 29, No 12, Pg 40 
Author(s): John C. Godbold Jr., DVM 
Laser Therapy (Photobiomodulation): An Integral Part of Wound Management 
Discover the benefits and best practices when integrating laser (photobiomodulation) therapy into wound management protocols. https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/publications/de/201711/index.html?page=52 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. November 2017. Vol 29, No 11, Pg 50 
Author(s): Ron Riegel, DVM 
The mechanistic basis for photobiomodulation therapy of neuropathic pain by near infrared laser light 
This study investigated the mechanistic basis of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for the treatment of neuropathic pain. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28075022 
Published: Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2017. Published online ahead of print. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22628 
Author(s): Holanda VM, Chavantes MC, Wu X, Anders JJ 
Role of low-level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation 
Review that covers the mechanisms that are thought to operate at molecular and cellular levels in LLLT. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065857/ 
Published: PM R. 2010;2(12 Suppl2): S292-S305. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.013. 
Author(s): Hashmi JT, Huang Y-Y, Osmani BZ, Sharma SK, Naeser MA, Hamblin MR 
Combine therapeutic laser, acupuncture 
This article highlights the benefits of using both laser therapy and acupuncture for a variety of conditions such as arthritis, intervertebral disc disease, and wound management. 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. February 2017. www.veterinarypracticenews.com 
Author(s): Terri Rosado, DVM, CVA, CCRT 
Characterization of macrophage/microglial activiation and effect of photobiomodulation in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain 
A Spared Nerve Injury model was performed on rats and mechanical allodynia was assessed with an electronic Von Frey device. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497321 
Published: Pain Medicine. 2016: Published online ahead of print. pnw144. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw144 
Author(s): Ketz AK, Byrnes KR, Grunberg NE, Kasper CE, Osborne L, Pryor B, Tosini NL, Wu X, Anders JJ 
The evolution of laser therapy 
Read about the evolution of laser technology into medical applications. 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. July 2012. www.veterinarypracticenews.com 
Author(s): Brian Pryor, PhD 
Effect of pulsing in low-level light therapy 
Review of 33 studies comparing CW and pulsed laser treatments. A common criticism of these studies is the lack of direct, like-for-like comparison of pulsed treatment to CW. The article concludes “CW is the gold standard and has been used for all LLLT applications” and “there is no consensus on the effects of different frequencies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933784/ 
Published: Lasers Surg Med. 2010; 42(6): 450–466. doi:10.1002/lsm.20950. 
Author(s): Hashmi JT, Huang Y-Y, Sharma SK, Kurup DB, De Taboada L, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR 
The potential of light therapy for central nervous system injury and disease 
Editorial by Dr. Juanita Anders, a luminary in the field of photobiomodulation that discusses the use of light as a neuro-restorative and neuro-protective therapy for the treatment of injury and disease of the central nervous system. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/pho.2009.0053 
Published: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2009; 27(3): 379-380. doi: 10.1089/pho.2009.0053 
Author(s): Dr. Juanita J. Anders 
Meta-analysis of pain relief effects by laser irradiation on joint areas 
Meta-analysis of 22 trials of LLLT on joint pain. When the authors only considered trials with dose range predicted by Bjordal et al. in 2003 and WALT, the results were more positive. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747309 
Published: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery.2012; 30(8): 405-417. 
Author(s): Jang H, Lee H 
Laser therapy and its role in pain management and rehabilitation 
Read about the foundational principles of laser therapy. https://www.litecure.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2016-June-Laser-Therapy-and-its-Role-in-Pain-Management.pdf 
Published: Canadian Vet, May/June 2016, Volume 11, No 3 
Author(s): Jennifer F. Johnson, VMD, CVPP 
Therapeutic Photobiomodulation: A Necessary Component of a Veterinary Pain Management Strategy 
Understand the biochemical cascade of events that takes place during photobiomodulation therapy. https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/therapeutic-photobiomodulation-a-necessary-component-of-a-veterinary-pain-management-strategy/ 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. September 2012. www.veterinarypracticenews.com 
Author(s): Ronald J. Riegel, DVM 
Laser Promotes Faster Healing, Less Scarring 
See how laser therapy helped Benji, a 5-year-old Pomeranian who was attacked by a dog. 
https://www.litecure.com/blog/study-categories/veterinary-articles/page/10/
www.veterinarypracticenews.com 
Published: Veterinary Practice News. January 2011. 
Author(s): Lynn M. Tiffany 
Photobiomodulation: Laser Therapy for the Nervous System 
The use of “low level” light applications, termed photobiomodulation (PBM), as a noninvasive, neuro-restorative therapy has potential to revolutionize repair of the injured nervous system. Experiments on the use of PBM to repair injured spinal cords and peripheral nerves will be discussed, along with the scientific basis for this improvement. http://www.albertalaserrehab.ca/2016/10/24/photobiomodulation-laser-therapy/ 
Published: February 19, 2015, Photonics Media, photonics.com 
Author(s): Dr. Juanita J. Anders 
The use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain 
Review paper that gives an overview of low level laser therapy or photobiomodulation therapy including history and mechanisms. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4743666/ 
Published: MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology. 2(5): 00068. doi: 10.15406/mojor.2015.02.00068 
Author(s): Cotler HB, Chow RT, Hamblin MR, Carroll J
